Two dice are thrown at the same time. Determine the probability that the (i) sum of the numbers on the two dice is 5, and (ii) difference of the numbers on the two dice is 3.
✅ Answer & Solution
**Step 1 — Total number of outcomes.**
$$n(S) = 6 \times 6 = 36$$
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**(i) Sum of the numbers is 5**
**Step 2 — List the favourable outcomes.**
$$(1,4),\ (2,3),\ (3,2),\ (4,1)$$
$$n(E_1) = 4$$
**Step 3 — Compute the probability.**
$$P(E_1) = \frac{4}{36} = \frac{1}{9}$$
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**(ii) Difference of the numbers is 3**
**Step 4 — List the favourable outcomes.**
$$(1,4),\ (4,1),\ (2,5),\ (5,2),\ (3,6),\ (6,3)$$
$$n(E_2) = 6$$
**Step 5 — Compute the probability.**
$$P(E_2) = \frac{6}{36} = \frac{1}{6}$$
$$\boxed{\text{(i) } \frac19 \qquad \text{(ii) } \frac16}$$
✅ Verified by Super Admin