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Class 10 › Political Science › Power Sharing
CBSE2026Class Class 10 · Political Science4 Marks · Long✅ Verified
Read the given source carefully and answer the questions that follow :
POWER SHARING
Power is shared among different organs of government, such as the legislature, executive and judiciary. Let us call this horizontal distribution of power because it allows different organs of government placed at the same level to exercise different powers. Such a separation ensures that none of the organs can exercise unlimited power. Each organ checks the others. This results in a balance of power among various institutions. Last year, we studied that in a democracy, even though ministers and government officials exercise power, they are responsible to the Parliament or State Assemblies. Similarly, although judges are appointed by the executive, they can check the functioning of executive or laws made by the legislatures. This arrangement is called a system of checks and balances.
28.1 Explain the term 'Balance of Power'. (1)
28.2 Why is the judiciary considered independent in a democracy ? (1)
28.3 How is power shared among different organs of government ? (2)
✅ Answer & Solution
28.1 'Balance of power' means that power is so distributed among the legislature, executive and judiciary that none of the organs can exercise unlimited power, and each organ checks the others. This is the result of the horizontal distribution of power.
28.2 The judiciary is considered independent because, although judges are appointed by the executive, they can check the functioning of the executive and can also examine the validity of the laws made by the legislature. This freedom from control by the other organs makes it independent.
28.3 Sharing of power among different organs of government (horizontal distribution) :
1. LEGISLATURE - makes the laws. Ministers and government officials, though they exercise power, are responsible to the Parliament or the State Assemblies.
2. EXECUTIVE - implements the laws and runs the administration, but it is answerable to the legislature.
3. JUDICIARY - interprets the laws and can check the functioning of the executive and the validity of laws made by the legislature.
4. Since all three are placed at the SAME LEVEL and exercise DIFFERENT powers, each keeps a check on the other. This arrangement is called a SYSTEM OF CHECKS AND BALANCES.
