📑 Table of Contents (tap a topic to jump)
💭 Write & Discuss (In-chapter)
1Can you think of something that takes a really long time to change (years), something that changes in a few years, every year, and in just seconds?
- Takes years: A child growing into an adult, a sapling growing into a full tree.
- Changes in a few years: A city getting new buildings and roads.
- Changes every year (repeats): The seasons — summer, monsoon, winter.
- Changes in seconds: The colour of the sky at sunset, a passing cloud shadow.
2When it is daytime in India, which countries will have night?
Countries roughly on the opposite side of the globe from India — such as the United States and countries in North and South America — experience night while it is daytime in India, because the Earth is round and only the side facing the Sun has daylight at any moment.
3Winter in Kerala is different from winter in the Kashmir valley; monsoon in Assam is different from Rajasthan. Why do you think this is so?
This happens because of India's huge size and varied geography — factors like distance from the sea, height above sea level (altitude), and location relative to mountain ranges cause the same season to bring very different weather in different regions. Kashmir is high in the mountains and gets very cold in winter, while Kerala, being coastal and near the equator, stays mild. Similarly, Assam receives heavy monsoon rain due to its geography, while Rajasthan, being far from the sea, receives much less.
4How do you feel when the season changes? Would you prefer one season to continue all year? Give reasons.
This is a personal reflection question. Example answer: 'I enjoy the change of seasons because each one brings something special — I wouldn't want just one season all year, because we would miss the fun of monsoon rains, winter warmth, and summer holidays!'
📘 Let Us Reflect (End of Chapter)
5Narrate your experiences about season changes.
This is a personal reflection — describe what you notice changing around you as seasons shift, such as clothes you wear, food you eat, games you play, or how the trees and weather look different.
6Ask your family members about seasons. Do you find differences in the patterns of changing seasons? What could be the reasons?
Family members, especially elders, may recall that seasons in earlier years followed more predictable timing (for example, monsoon arriving on almost the same date every year), while today the timing feels less predictable. Possible reasons include changing climate patterns, deforestation, and pollution affecting local weather.
7Find out and write the local names for spring, summer, monsoon, autumn, pre-winter and winter in your region and language.
This is a research activity — ask family or teachers for the season names in your regional language (for example, in Hindi: Vasant, Grishma, Varsha, Sharad, Hemant, Shishir) and note them down.
8Fill a table with the food, clothes, festivals and nature you observe in each season.
Example (fill in your own regional details):
- Spring — Food: fresh fruits; Clothes: light cottons; Festivals: Holi; Nature: flowers blooming
- Summer — Food: cooling drinks, mangoes; Clothes: light, airy clothes; Festivals: regional summer fairs; Nature: dry leaves, strong sun
- Monsoon — Food: hot snacks, pakoras; Clothes: raincoats; Festivals: Teej, Nag Panchami; Nature: rain, greenery
- Autumn — Food: festive sweets; Clothes: light layers; Festivals: Navratri, Dussehra; Nature: clear skies
- Pre-winter — Food: warm soups; Clothes: light woollens; Festivals: Diwali; Nature: cooler mornings
- Winter — Food: hot, hearty meals; Clothes: heavy woollens; Festivals: Makar Sankranti/Pongal, Lohri; Nature: fog, frost in some regions
9Share your experience of seasons' journaling.
Reflect on what you learnt by tracking nature and weather over the year — for example, noticing patterns you hadn't paid attention to before, like exactly when certain birds appear or flowers bloom.
10Make a comparative drawing of the three major seasons — summer, monsoon and winter.
This is a creative drawing activity — sketch or paint three scenes side by side showing typical summer (bright sun, dry land), monsoon (rain, clouds, greenery) and winter (fog, warm clothes, bare trees) features of your region.
🎊 Bonus: Match the Festivals to Their Season
11Match: (1) Pongal/Makar Sankranti (2) Holi (3) Diwali (4) Baisakhi, Gudi Padwa, Vishu, Rongali Bihu — with (a) Spring (b) Autumn (c) New Year/harvest festival (d) Winter
- Pongal / Makar Sankranti → (d) Winter
- Holi → (a) Spring — when flowers bloom
- Diwali → (b) Autumn — after crops are harvested
- Baisakhi, Gudi Padwa, Vishu, Rongali Bihu → (c) New Year and harvest festival