📌 Working Principle:

A parallel plate capacitor works on the principle that the <b>potential of a charged conductor decreases</b> when an <b>earthed (grounded) conductor</b> is brought near it. This allows more charge to be stored at the same potential.

C = Q / V → If V decreases, C = Q/V increases

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📌 Factors Affecting Capacitance:

Formula: C = ε₀A / d (in air)

C = Kε₀A / d (with dielectric)

Factor | Effect on Capacitance

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Area of plates (A) | C ∝ A → larger area, more C

Separation (d) | C ∝ 1/d → smaller gap, more C

Dielectric const (K) | C ∝ K → higher K, more C

Medium (ε₀) | Constant for free space