Answer — Mahbub-ul-Haq

The first Human Development Report was prepared in 1990 under the direction of the Pakistani economist Mahbub-ul-Haq, along with the Indian economist Amartya Sen.

His idea: Development should be measured not by income alone but by the quality of life people actually lead — their health, education and freedom.

The HDI is based on three components:

1. Health — life expectancy at birth
2. Education — literacy / years of schooling
3. Income — per capita income

(Md. Yunus founded the Grameen Bank of Bangladesh; Adam Smith is called the father of economics.)