📌 Explanation:

Step 1 — Inside the Conductor:

• In <b>electrostatic equilibrium</b>, the electric field inside a conductor is <b>E = 0</b>.
  • Relation: E = −dV/dr
  • Since E = 0 → dV/dr = 0 → <b>V = constant</b> inside.

Step 2 — On the Surface:

• The electric field at the surface is always <b>perpendicular</b> to the surface.
  • There is <b>no tangential component</b> of E on the surface.
  • No tangential E → no change in V along the surface → <b>V = constant</b> on surface.

Step 3 — Continuity:

• The potential just inside = potential on surface (by continuity of potential).

∴ <b>Electrostatic potential is uniform</b> throughout the volume and on the surface of a conductor.