Federalism:
Federalism is a system of government in which power is divided between a central authority and various constituent units of the country.
- A federation has two levels of government — the central (national) government for the whole country, and State governments for each unit
- Both levels enjoy their own powers and are not subordinate to each other
Main features of a Federal System:
- Two or more levels (tiers) of government
- Different tiers govern the same citizens, but each has its own jurisdiction in legislation, taxation and administration
- Constitutional guarantee: The jurisdictions of each level are specified in the Constitution, so their existence and authority are constitutionally guaranteed
- Rigid Constitution: The fundamental provisions cannot be changed unilaterally by one level; such changes require the consent of both levels
- Independent Judiciary: Courts have the power to interpret the Constitution and settle disputes between different levels of government
- Clear sources of revenue for each level, which ensures their financial autonomy
- Dual objectives: To safeguard and promote the unity of the country, and at the same time accommodate regional diversity
OR
'Democracy is better than other types of government' — explanation:
- Accountable government: Rulers must face the people at regular elections and answer for their actions. Decisions are taken by norms and procedures, which a citizen has the right to examine
- Responsive government: Democracy is based on discussion and consultation, so it is more sensitive to people's needs
- Legitimate government: It is the people's own government. Worldwide surveys show people overwhelmingly prefer democracy
- Handles conflicts peacefully: No society can permanently resolve conflicts among different groups. Democracy provides the only known way to handle differences and conflicts without violence
- Enhances dignity and equality: Every adult has one vote of one value, and every citizen is treated as an equal
- Allows correction of mistakes: In a democracy mistakes cannot be hidden for long. There is space for public discussion and a chance to correct them, either by the government itself or by changing it
Conclusion: Democracy may be slower and may still have flaws, but it is better than any other known alternative.
