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Class 12 › Physics › Moving Charges and Magnetism
CBSE2022Class Class 12 · Physics5 Marks · Short✅ Verified
Use Biot-Savart law to obtain an expression for the magnetic field at the centre of a coil bent in the form of a square of side $2a$ carrying current $I$.
✅ Answer & Solution
For a finite wire of length $2a$ at perpendicular distance $a$ from centre:
$$B_{side} = \frac{\mu_0 I}{4\pi a}(\sin 45° + \sin 45°) = \frac{\mu_0 I}{4\pi a} \cdot \sqrt{2}$$
$$B_{side} = \frac{\mu_0 I\sqrt{2}}{4\pi a}$$
All 4 sides contribute equally and fields add up (by right-hand rule, all point in the same direction):
$$B_{total} = 4 \times \frac{\mu_0 I\sqrt{2}}{4\pi a} = \frac{\sqrt{2}\,\mu_0 I}{\pi a}$$