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Class 12 › Physics › Current Electricity
CBSE2022Class Class 12 · Physics5 Marks · Short✅ Verified
(i) Derive an expression for drift velocity of free electrons.
(ii) How does drift velocity vary with increase in temperature? Explain.
✅ Answer & Solution
(i) Derivation of drift velocity:
In absence of field, electrons move randomly. On applying field $E$:
Force: $F = eE$
Acceleration: $a = eE/m$
Extra velocity gained in relaxation time $\tau$:
$$v_d = a\tau = \frac{eE\tau}{m}$$
(ii) Effect of temperature:
As temperature increases, lattice vibrations increase, causing more frequent collisions, so $\tau$ decreases.
Since $v_d = eE\tau/m$ and $\tau$ decreases:
$$v_d \downarrow \text{ as } T \uparrow$$
Drift velocity decreases with increase in temperature.