๐ Chapter 9 โ From the Rulers to the Ruled: Types of Governments
Class 7 ยท Governance & Democracy ยท Short Notes
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"A ruler's duties: Raksha (protection from external threats), Palana (maintaining law & order), Yogakshema (welfare of people)" โ Kauแนญilya, Arthaลhฤstra
๐๏ธ What is Government? Functions?
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๐๏ธGovernment = group that controls and administers a country or region
โ๏ธMaintains law & order, ensures peace & security
๐คManages relationships with other countries โ foreign relations
๐ฅDelivers essential services โ education, healthcare, infrastructure
๐Manages the economy and works for welfare of people
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๐ณ๏ธ Parliament in session โ democracy in action
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โ๏ธ Government ensuring rule of law & justice
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๐ณ๏ธ Democracy โ "Rule of the People"
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๐ณ๏ธDemocracy = "rule of the people" โ people choose their representatives through voting
๐๏ธAbraham Lincoln: democracy = "government of the people, by the people, for the people"
๐ฅRepresentative = person chosen to act and make decisions on behalf of others
๐3 Functions of Government: Legislative (make laws), Executive (implement laws), Judicial (ensure laws followed)
๐ก 3 Functions of Government
๐๏ธ Legislative = Making laws (Parliament/State Legislature)
โ๏ธ Executive = Implementing/running the country (Cabinet, civil servants)
โ๏ธ Judicial = Ensuring laws are followed (Courts โ Supreme Court, High Courts)
These three must remain separate to prevent misuse of power โ called Separation of Powers!
โ๏ธ Executive = Implementing/running the country (Cabinet, civil servants)
โ๏ธ Judicial = Ensuring laws are followed (Courts โ Supreme Court, High Courts)
These three must remain separate to prevent misuse of power โ called Separation of Powers!
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๐ณ๏ธ Elections โ people choose their representatives
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๐๏ธ Democracy โ government answerable to citizens
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๐ Types of Government
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๐ณ๏ธ Democracy
โPeople elect representatives to govern
โTwo types: Direct (everyone votes on every issue) & Representative (elect MPs)
โExample: India, USA, UK
๐ Monarchy
โKing/Queen rules โ power passes in family
โAbsolute (all power) or Constitutional (limited by laws)
โExample: Saudi Arabia, UK (constitutional)
โ Dictatorship
โSingle person/party holds all power
โNo free elections, limited freedoms
โCitizens have little say
๐ Theocracy
โGovernment based on religious law & leaders
โReligious leaders have political power
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๐ Different types of governments around the world
๐ Remember!
Parliamentary Democracy = India's system โ PM is head of government, President is head of state
Presidential Democracy = President is head of both state & government (e.g., USA)
Universal Adult Franchise = Every citizen above 18 can vote โ regardless of religion, caste, gender or wealth! ๐ณ๏ธ
Presidential Democracy = President is head of both state & government (e.g., USA)
Universal Adult Franchise = Every citizen above 18 can vote โ regardless of religion, caste, gender or wealth! ๐ณ๏ธ
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โญ Quick Summary
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๐ Key Points
๐๏ธGovernment = controls & administers a country โ maintains law, provides services, manages economy
๐ณ๏ธDemocracy = rule of the people โ people vote for representatives. "Of, by, for the people" โ Lincoln
๐3 Functions: Legislative (laws), Executive (implement), Judicial (enforce)
๐Types: Democracy, Monarchy (absolute/constitutional), Dictatorship, Theocracy
๐ณ๏ธIndia = Parliamentary Democracy | USA = Presidential Democracy